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Review Threshold 1: 4 Fundamental Forces and 13 Elementary Particles Threshold 2: Gravity gives birth to stars Threshold 3: A process for forging the 92 elements =Threshold 4: A protected place for molecules= In the presence of liquid water Miraculous Molecules like to react! Water pulls everything apart--its a universal solvent.



=to make Macro molecules=
 * Carbohydrates: building blocks and energy storage
 * Lipids: waterproof membranes
 * 5 Nucleic Acids: instructions
 * 20 amino acids: working parts

=which are the bricks and mortar for a template for life=
 * homeostasis: staying alive
 * metabolism: using energy
 * reproducing: making children
 * adaptation: coping with change

8 types of biochemical reactions
 * diffusion into equilibrium
 * osmosis across a membrane
 * hydration: adding H2O
 * dehydration: removing a H2O
 * reduction: //reducing the number of electrons in a molecule//
 * oxidation: //increasing the number of electrons in a molecule//
 * phosphorylation: //turns proteins on or off//
 * methylation: //turns genes, germs cells, cell communication on or off//